Mechanism for actuating machine tool supports



'March 5, 1946. G. A. WAHLMARK 2,395,946

MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING MACHINE TOOL SUPPORTS,A

Filed July 5, 1941 5 sheets-sheet 1 l. March 5, 1946.` G lph WAHLMARK 2,395,946

MECHANISM OR ACTUATING MACHINE TOOL SUPPORTS Fileduuly 5.A 1941 's sheets-sheet 2 I- rIA-n/ENToR. y UmQrQZ//almar/ y ef*1 @a MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING MACHINE TOOL SUPPORTS Filed July 5, 1941 vs sheets-sheet :s

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vINVENTORM A Patented Mar. 5, 1946 unire atenei@ 7 MncnAmsM non ACTUATI'NG MACHINE Toor., sUrPonnrs Gunnar A. Wahlmark'; Rockford, 2111"., assigner to Sandstrand Machine Tool-.Cc., --Rockford, 1-ll.',-a corporation or Illinois `Application July 5,', 1941`,'Seri'al No. 401,280v

' (Citta- 53) will; hereinafter be describedv inv detail a preferred v A.19 Claims;

This invention relates more particularly to a mechanism'for-reciprocating a machine tool support at feed and traverse rates, itvbeing'thegeneral object ofthe invention to `provide a new 'and improved mechanism of that character. .i A

VA more particular-'object of the invention is ie provision ofniechanism of the character described having improved construction facilitating therfast and smooth stopping,l reversing or reduction in the rate of `movement o f a machine tool support driven by the mechanism. y

lAnother object is to provide an improved mechanism of the character describedwhich ,reduces the stresses heretofore incident to stopping, reversing or reducing the rate of movementof a machine tool support driven by the mechanism.

VAnotherobject is to provide driving mechanism embodiment of the invention.` it is tobe understood that' the invention `is not limitedl to the particular embodiment andA arrangement shown, On the contrary, it is contemplated that various changes may be made by those skilleddn the` art withoutf departingy fromvthe spiritand scope of the invention as dened in theappended claims.

The form ofthe 'mechanism selected forjpurposes of disclosing the invention isbasically that shown and described in my copending application forv Mechanisms for actuating machine tool supports, Serial No. 350,475,r ledAugust 3; 1940,

since issued as I c-:ttersI Patent No. 231344,432; dated 1 March 14th, 1944. Reference is therefore made to that application for amore complete disclosure,

for a machine tool support including a motor and 'Y means operable to make available the full4 mechanical advantage of the'motor for stopping, reversing or reducingthe-,rate of movement` of thesupport. 4

A further object is to provide mechanism including a pump and a' variable stroke motor con'- nected in a closed circuit, and-means,y responsive stopping, reversing or reducing'the rate of movement of a support driven by the mechanism, shifting the motor to maximum stroke to make avail:- able automatically the full i of the motor. v l Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: l f Fig. l oi' thedrawings isa diagrammatic view of a mechanism embodying the features'of this invention.

mechanical advantage, f

particularly details of mechanical construction of a mechanism inA which the present invention is embodied` f This mechanism includes a iiuid` transmission comprising a casing 20 having a detachable end membery 2l. Thelower portion of the casing is occupied by a pump P andthe upper portion by a motor M. A single cylinder block 24 issecured in thecasing and has an annular series 'of pump to the back pressure built up as an incident to cylinders 26 andan annular series of motorcylinders 2l formed therein. Pistons 28 in the pump cylinders are arranged to be actuated by means o f a wobbler device r2i? which is pivotally'mounted on adrive shaft 3!! by means of a pin 31. `As iliustratedfin `Fig. 1, the wobbler- 29 is shown in a neutral position, the'wobbler being adjustable angularly in bothlvdirections from the neutral Fig. 2 is an enlarged View ofthe `check valve rotatedl 90?' from the position shownin Fig.- l.V

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagramsimilarto Fig. l, but showing the parts in the positions assumedwhen the main control valve is in feed right position. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the main Ycontrol valve inrapid right position. y

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4` Ybut showing the valve in rapid left position.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view ofV the reversing mechanism depicted just after it'has eifected av reversal of` the main control valve from rapid right to rapid left position.

' Fig. '7' isv an4 enlarged View offthefeed` speed position to provide for Vretersing the iiow of fluid from the pump; as Well as ladjusting, the output volume of thepump. The shaftl 30 is rotatably mounted inthe casing and in the cylinder block inbearings 32A and 3 3, respectively; and projects outwardly Lthrough the end member 25| ofthe casing for connection to a suitable electric motor 3,4 or other prime mover. o l l A A shaft 35, for the motor Mis rotatablymounted in the casing and the cylinder block'rbymeans ci bearings 3&5V and .31, respectively. "This shaft ycarries a. wobbler device39 which Ais pivotally mounted on the shaft by means of a pinr lill,4 so

. that the wobbler may be adjusted an'gularly on the shaft-"to varyv the stroke of the motor' pistonslil.

vThe inner surface 42 of' the end memberv 2|` is preferably flat andI forms one wall of,Y a'valve chamber431, in whichthe valves of bothQthe pump and 'the `motor operate. -`AThe c cylingzler4 block 24 is` recessed asiillus'trated' to providean opposed flat'surface` ififorming the opposite wall ofthe 2,190,812, dated February 20, 1940. This valve is mounted on an, eccentric 46 on the shaft 3|! and is operable to connect the pump cylinder ports' 41 alternately to the peripheral portion 48 of the valve chamber and to the inner portion 49. Operable in the upper portion of the valve chamber 43 is a wheel-like valve 50 for the motor. This valve is mounted on an eccentric pin on the motor shaft 35 and is operable during rotation of the shaft to connect the motor piston ports 52 alternately to the peripheral portion 53 of the valve chamber and the inner portion 54 thereof. As will be apparent from the drawings, the provision of a common valve chamber for the pump and valves provides a direct connection for the iiow of iiuid from the pump to the motor (or vice versa) through the narrow midportion of the valve chamber. A second passage for the ow of iluid between the pump and the motor is provided in the end member 2| to 55, this passage having an annular portion 56 in the lower part of the end member communicating with the inner portion 49 of the valve chamber and having an preferably is of the character disclosed in detail in my above mentioned Patent No. 2,344,432. Suffice it to say that the gearing has a shiftable element 85 which in one position causes the planetary gearing to operate as a unit, and in another position causes the gearing to operate to drive the shaft 84 at a speed below that of the shaft 85. The element 85 is shifted 4to its various positions by means of a piston S5 reciprocably mounted in a cylinder 95.

The control mechanism for the wobbler device of the pump and motor will now be described.

annularportion 51 in the upper part of the end -Y member communicating with the inner portion 54 of the valve chamber. Y

A pairof high pressure relief valves 60 and 6| are provided to limit the pressures in the passages between the pump and motor. These valves are 1 normally'held seated by means of coiled springs 64 and |55. The connection betweenithese high pressure relief valves and the passages between the pump and the motor will be more fully described in connection with the description of the circuit. y

Preferablya rotary pump 10 is mounted on the casing 2|] and driven from the righthand end-of the pump shaft 3B. The pump 10, as illustrated. is of the form shown in mv prior Patent No. V2,132,813. dated October 11, 1938, and serves to supply iiuid at approximately 150 pounds per square inch pressure to the pump-motor circuit to maintain this circuit full at all times and for actuating control mechanismsn Cooperating .with the pump 1li to maintain the pump-motor circuit full of-uid are a pair of check valves 1| and 12. the operation of which. as well as the iiow of fluid from the pump 1||. will be described in greater particnlaritv hereinafter. Preferably, a relief valve 13 is backed by a spring 14 which may be adjusted so that the valve 13 opens on pressures in excess of 150 pounds per souare inch. This Yvalve is connected in the Youtput circuit of the pump 'In to limit the pressure of the make-up and control fluid. l

In actuatinga table for a milling'machine. it is desirable to obtain a plurality of relatively slow feed speeds and also a relatively high or rapid traverse sneed. While the pump P and motor M combine to provide a large number of different speeds of the motor shaft 35, an additional means is provided for utilizing these motor shaft speeds for obtaining traverse movements of the table and forV reducing these speeds still further to obtain feed movements. To that end, the transmission includes a planetary gearing, generally designated 80. operatively interposed between the motor shaft and a driven shaft 84 in alignment with the motor shaft. This gearing may take any one of a number of well known forms and The pump wobbler device 29 is adjustable by means including a member I slidable in a key- Way II 2 extending longitudinally in the pump shaft 30. The member I I I has a radially extending portion l| I3 engaging in a radial opening in the wobbler device so that movement of the member III toward the left from the position shown in the drawing pivots the wobbler device in a clockwise direction to cause a flow of fluid from the pump to the motor, operating the motor in a forward (table) direction, whereas, movement of the member toward the right rotates the wobbler device in a counterclockwise direction, causing a reverse iiow of fluid from the pump to the motor and a reversal of the motor and table movement. A tubular control member ||5 for the pump is slidably mounted in a bore |I5 in the cylinder block 24 and is connected with the member III by means of a ball bearing I I1. The control member ||5 Vhas a radial bore therein, and into this bore extends one end of a lever I I9 pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on a pin |20. The motor wobbler device 39 has a similar slidable control member |22 positioned in a key- Way |23 in the motor shaft 35 and provided with an outwardly extending arm |24 which engages in a bore in the wobbler device. A tubular control member I26 is slidable in a bore |21 in the cylinder block 24 and is connected to the member |22 by meansof a ball bearing |28. The tubular member |26 has a radially extending bore which receives one end of a lever |30 pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on a pin |3I.

In the form illustrated'herein, the pump control lever I|9 and the motor control lever |38 are arranged to be operated by piston and cylinder devices, and, furthermore, are arranged to have their operative positions determined by additional piston and cylinder devices. Thus, the remaining end of the lever I| 9 extends into a diametrical bore in a piston |4| which is slidably mountedin a cylinder |42. The remaining end of the lever |30 extends into a diametrical bore in a piston |44 slidably mounted in a cylinder I 45. Arranged immediately adjacent and parallel to the cylinder |42 is a cylinder |46 containing a piston |41, the pistons |4I and |41 having cutaway portions provided with rack teeth |48 and |49; respectively, which mesh with a pinion |50 rotatably mounted. This geared connection between the pistons |4| and |41 permits actuation of the lever IIS by the piston |41, as well as by the piston I4|.

An auxiliary casing |55 supported by the main casing 20 has a cylindrical bore |51 therein positioned parallel to but midway between the axes of the pistons |`4| and |41. A cylindrical plunger |58 isslidably mounted in the bore |51 and at A its left hand end projects into the paths of the 2;3'953946; the. lever |595' enters:` au. bore |1601 in thea-piston" |44; whereas, the. lowen end" oithey lever enters Aav bore' `|S| in the plunger' |58. "The-piston Md has a'` slightly smallerpressure areathanfeither ofthe pistons` |41? or:V 411; "so:thatwhenithefpiston. Milland one of the pistons= Milon' |'|v| are subjected tothe same fluidpressu-re the pistonvldl orv |47: will control. v scribed aresuch that; by supplyinggluid tozthe cylinder I-IiZIthrough a.portv'lli2ythe1pistonlMI will be moved toward the' right?. and* will? cause a swinging movement of the pump; control. lever lflin a counterclockwise'direction, thus causing a movement of the tubularcontrol? member H5 toward the left and an a'djustmentoffithe' wobbler device 2|Bin` av clockwise direction about: the

pivot' 3|; if 'uid'is supplied tov-fthe cylinder-1F46 through a port- |63, the rackf and pini-oni' connection will cause amovement'ofthepiston |4|r toward the left, thus causing1 an adjustmentrof the wobbler device 29i`n a counterclockwise djrection from that shown'in Fig. 1". Regardless: ofwhether the piston IM movesto! the right'or the pistonE lli?r moves to the right, the plunger |158 will be moved tothe right and-through the intervening lever |53, piston |44, andl lever |30,fwill cause anadjustment of themotor control'member |525 toward the right from the position shown in Fig. l', soas to reduce the stroke of'the motor pistons as the stroke of the pump pistons is increased. Since the movement of the motor `wobbler device 39 is always inthe same direction from a neutral position, theV direction of rotation of the motor shaft willbe reversed whenlthe fluid flow from the pump is reversed.

The extent to which the pump and motor wobbler devices are pivoted byr action ofthe pistons |4| and |131 is determined by additionaly piston and cylinder devices mounted inthe casing |55; In this casing are arranged parallel cylinders |55 and |66 having pistons |557 and lftherein, respectively. These pistons are hollowI andhave extending into their open or right hand'l-ends screw devices |59 and HEL-respectively,lwhich are provided with heads IH and |12. A ring |13 is screw-threaded into the piston |61 and secured there by means of a pin |14 so thatthe movement of the piston |67` toward the kleft is determined by engagement of the ring' |13 with the head VH of the screw device v|59.` A similar ring |15 is screw-threaded into the pistonf |58 and secured thereto by a pin |16 sothat the movement of the piston |23 toward the left'i's limited by engagementv of the ring |15" withv the head |12 of the screwdevice HQ. The screw; de vices 69 and |19 arethreaded throughI a cap member il? secured tothe casing |55 by suitable vThe connections' justf d`e- K and they positions' to the iright. offneutralibeing i of' the tableltoward being,l Aarrangedlt'o. eiect` movement. of the tableztoward theright;-

arranged to effect movement the left. The valve 20|?V has tending port 262 therein with annular recesses 203, 222, 205 and 2062 in the periphery of the valve. Theport 2!! Zextends` all the wayto the right hand' endy off-the val-vef so as to dischargeinto the valve borel'whiclrfin4 turndischarges intoareturn line to the tank as hereinafter vmore fully described. The valvealso a' longitudinally extending port 2|}'|,'fclosedl at both ends, which communicates withy annular recesses 208, 239- and 2|0'in thezperiphery-'f'ofi'the valve; `The valve bore Zillisprovided with'annue lar grooves 2H, 252, 2|3, 214;'225; 2|6,I 2.151,'1v and? 218, thefunction ofw-hichwillfbecome more fread ilyl apparent fromv the description ofl the= 'circuit hereinafter.

vIn-its preferredV form, the invention includes means for automatically vshifting the -val've 200 in order to obtain an automatic cycle-ofopera-w tion of the table. This means includes a con-- trol' unit arranged toibe mounted on the bedfoff a milling machine immediately-in front `offthe table' A shaft 228 is `rotatably' mounted in-`the lhousing of' the unit and has atitsouter end-f an arm` 229 adapted to be moved to andl between` five different positions correspondingr toA thefl've positions of the valvejZG; The arm 229"carries a spring pressed plunger 23|!V located in a posi',- tion where it may be engaged by various dogs secured tothe front edge ofthe table, as here-I inafter more fully described. On its inner-lend the shaft 228 carries an arm 23| which is:A arranged to be connectedto the valve 20D by-means of linkage consisting of a link 232 secured atr one end to the arm 23| by a pin 233 and secured'l at its'other end by a pin 234 to the midportion 0fl an arm 235 nivo-tally mountedv on a stud 4236.

a longitudinal-15e4 exs which communicates y Thel free end of the arm 235 yis pivotally conmeans. Asdescribed more fullyhereinafter, fluid may be supplied to the right hand end of the cylinder |765 through a port il or to the cylinder through a port |80 to maintainv thecorresponding piston in its left hand position as determined by its associated screw device. The pistons |57 and |58, therefore, are operable to limit the movement of the plungerv |5`8 toward the right and thereby operate to limit the move-- ment of the wobbler devices and to determine the operative positions thereof.

Movements of the various controlk piston-and cylinder devices are. herein shownto be controlled by means including a main valve 200 cylindrical in form; and slidably mounted' in a bore 20 This valve has ve positions, a central neutral' position and feed and traverse positionson each side of neutral, the feed and traverse positionsto the nectedto the valve 2m) by means of a pin 231. Preferablv the arm 235 is provided withve notches 238 in whicha spring pressed ball 2-'39 is engageable to form a detent device adapted to` hold the valve 29! releasably in itsdiierent oper-1 ative positions. These connections-between the shaft 228 and thev valve 20B cause the valve to assume its different positions corresponding to the positions of theV arm 239. Y

Although the arm 229 may be actuated" directly or from the feed position onv one side of: the neutral to the traverse position on the samefside of neutral (or vice versa), the inventionprovides additional means for shifting the. valve.; 200; throughits neutral the table. Thus. the shaft 228 has a' downwardly extending arm 25e secured thereto. AThe lower end of this. arm is slotted at' 2.53 and entiersia, recess inthe midportion of a cylindrical plunger or piston 254 which is slidably mountedV in a cylinder borev 255 in the housing: of the control-y unit. The piston 254i carries a pin. 256 which passes through 'the slot '253,in the-armxso that the shaft i222 may be rocked' by movement.

of the piston 254 in the cylinder bore, 25.5. "The tively, -and. the opposite. ends. of thepiston. The

piston is also providedwith longitudinali-y ex-5- tend-ing peripheral recessesz2`63fand dlwhich exfydogs on the table when the valve 200 is tube shifted from a feed or traverse position'toneutral position in order to reverse 4 tend outwardly from the grooves 259 and 250, re-

spectively, but stop short of the ends of the piston. The cylinder bore 255 is provided with annular grooves 265 and 266 which cooperate with the plunger '2311 on said arm. Since the piston 254 is normally maintained in hydraulic vbalance f the shaft 228 may also be moved to any one of its ve annular positions by means including a manual control handle (not shown). Means is provided to unbalance the piston 254 and to move it in one direction or another to an extreme position when the table is to be reversed. As illustrated herein this means drical valves 215 and 2115 slidably mounted in horizontal bores 211 and 212, respectively, in the control unit housing. These valves have portion,y projecting outwardly from the housing toward the table and have flanges 2111 on their inner ends to limit outward movement of the valves in the housing. Coiled springs 219 are provided to maintain the valves 215 and 216 in their extended positions. Each one of these valves has a longitudinally extending axial port n 280 which communicates at theinner end of the valve with a chamber 1281 in the housing. Each valve has annular recesses V282 and 233 which communicate with the port 230, and a wide annular recess 284. T he bores in which the valves are mounted have annular Vgrooves 285 and 28S. The valves 215 and 215 are arranged to be actuated by end 'or reversing dogs on the table and function to control the unbalancing of the vpiston 254 hydraulically as hereinafter more fully described. Y

In addition to the parts already described, the hydraulic circuit includes a cylindrical valve 2911 which is reciprocably mounted in a cylindrical bore 291 and has annular recesses 292 and 293 providing lands 294, 295 and 295. The valve bore 231 has annular grooves 291, 298, 299, 353, and 351. This Valve assists in the control of the Vfeed speed pistons 151 and 151iV and is shifted when the direction of table movement is reversed so as to select the other feed speed piston.

In the lower portion of the drawing, there is illustrated va tank 310 containing a supply 311 of fluid, such as oil. A suction line 312 which includes a strainer 313 extends to the intake of the make-up pump V111. The output of the pump 1B passes` through a conduit 314 to the relief valve 13. Any fluid passing the relief valve is arranged to return to the tank 311) through a conduit 315. A conduit 316 extends from the conduit 314 to the check valve 11 and any fluid which passes the check valve flows through a conduit 311 into'tl'le 'annular passage 51 so as to replenish any fluid leaking from passage 51, its connecting passages 55 and 55, and pump and motor valve chambers and other portions of the circui 'connected thereto. A branch conduit 318 extends from the conduit check valve 1'2 and any huid which passes said check valve iiows through a conduit 319 to the valve chamber 43 and functions to replenish any oil which hasv leaked therefrom. The check valves '11 and 12 are arranged to prevent reverse flow therethrough when the conduits 311 and 319 receive high pressure fluid from the pump P.

includes a pair of cylinfrom the tank 3111 315 to the r 218 in the valve bore 2111.

The'check valves function alternately to pass fluid when the pump-motor passage to which they are connected is operating as a return passage from the motor tothe pump. Fluid from the make-up pump is also conducted from the conduit 315 through a conduit 320 to the annular groove 213 in the valve bore 201. Since recess 209 is inall positions of the valve in registry with groove 213, port 2111 is at all times supplied with control iiuid at 150 pounds pressure. Control fluid is also supplied from conduit 3211 by means of a conduit 321 to thervalve bore 211, a branch conduit 322'conducting huid from the conduit 32| to the valve bore 218.

Fluid from the pump-motor circuit is also conducted to the valve 2119. Thus a conduit 323 extends from the annular portion 55 of the pumpmotor passage 55 to the high pressure relief valve 31. Any fluid passing the relief valve ows through a conduit 32d back to the valve chamber 43, the relief valve 51 functioning when the passage 55 operates as a supply passage from the pump to the motor. A conduit 325 connects with the conduit 323 and extends to the annular groove A conduit 325 connects with the conduit 324 and extends to the groove 211 in the valve bore 211i. A conduit 321 connects the conduit 321i to the high pressure relief valve 50 and a conduit 328 connects the low side of the relief valve 69 with the conduit 325. It will be understood that the conduits 323 and 324 carry fluid alternately at 150 pounds pressure and the high working pressure (1000 pounds or more) depending upon the direction of flow from the pump P. When the valve 259 is in its neutral position, as illustrated in Fig. l, the annular` grooves 211 and 218 are connected together by an'annular recess 219 in valve 250 to establish communication between the inlet and outletI passages of the pump P. As best seen in that figure, the recess 219 bridges only a portion of the grooves 211 and 218, thus providing a restricted interconnection utilized primarily to permit adjustment of the table by hand. l

The piston and cylinder'device 95, 9S for shifting the element of the gearing Sil is arranged to receive low pressure control fluid from the valve bore 201. Thus a conduit 329 connects at one end to the right hand end of the cylinder 86 and at its other end to the annular groove 215 in the valve bore 291. A conduit 3311 connects at one end with the left hand end of the cylinder 96 and at its other end with the annular groove 299 in the valve bore 291. A branch conduit 331 connects with the conduit 3311 and with the annular groove 216 in the valve bore 2111.

-The connections from the valve 250 to the reversing pistons 1111 and 141 and the feed control pistons 151 and 168 include a conduit 333 extending'from the groove 211 in the valve bore 291 to the left hand end of the cylinders and 15B in which the feed control pistons are located. A conduit 334 extends from the groove 212 in the valve bore` 2131 to the upper end of the valve bore 291 and a branch conduit 335 from the conduit 3311V communicates with the left hand end of the cylinder 1112. A conduit 33B extends from the groove 214 in the valve bore 2111 to the lower end of the valve bore 291, and a branch conduit 331 connects the conduitv 335 with the left hand end of the cylinder 14B. The chamber 281 serves as a return passage for fluid and is connected by means of a conduit 338 to the tank 3111. A conduit 339 connects the right hand end of the cylinder with the groove 298 in the valve bore 29 I. A conduit 340 connects .the righthandfenuloiffthefoylei inder 4H56 with f thegroove s300 :lnzthe' valve ebore 29| A conduit :34| :connects the igi'oove'JZBflfrof the -valve bore 29|` :with the tank;l'll,iandia:cone duit.342 connects thelgreover tofssaid valvefbore with the` conduitil .L

As .mentionedV hereinbefore, :a mon-duit i321. tto.V gether with 4a, branch conduit :322conducts` icone trol iiuid to the iva-Ive bores :275i andlf..l18ziof. the

reversing valves L2'l.5=and 217B.: Therclaamberlitlf FL, FL". and RL. arranged :to iengagefand aetuate the .erm ,229, fand .through ithe intervening-ccnnections: the ,valve 12st. The itable .i alsoxcar-y resreversing or I`,end dogs 2E -and E arranged @to engage ;andr.ldepress :the K.valves 2-15 and lxfzlee spectively, to effect. aireversal of the rtable4 IILQLS ment. 'lTne does 'RgandfFLmay bereferredrto as feed .dogssince theysarefeeetve tofmoveithe control valve mit, from :traverse p ositonsiinto feed .zpositions may/,be referred to aslzrapid traverse adQgsrsince they are eflectivektosrnovethe valve 2llffromlfeed positions lto rapid traverse .'positcns.: t'Fine den dash :lines adjacent `.the arm :2219 :and :valve 10,8 indicate the five :positiQngs ,to and ibetvveenxwhich these-partscan bemcvedzasiRLeft-F Leftleu-` tral, MF Right :and :R -Rishtl 'the letters :F and R being abbreviation-s of the wordsfeed 1and rapid traverse respective1y,.;andthe'words fileft and fright 4having reference zto -tne fdi-rectionl-,of movement of the table 360. Preferablythekdogs. Nana N' arebackedbysnrings 36|-and azfwhch hold .the :dogs 1in the positions shown rior-autos matica'llyactuating :the arm ylitt, butwhichlyield when the arm 2-29 is-.actuated bythe.manualnon-V trol handle -to ipermit the Yoperator.,to move .the valve 25u out .of'its neutral; positions The tabll-ittil,V as shown, has depending .end brackets -3651and A36B suitably bolted theretdlv A feed screw '3651 is rotatably mounted in these bracketsv andrhas squared `ends 368 itenabling. itgto` be;rotated `manually Afor ,fset upf. adjustments. The screwl is driven :from,theshaft..8.fli bysuit, ablegearing v(not shown) and-operates in well knownmanner `to drivethe table.

W ith the construction :thusfar .describedany one ofthe conventional cycles ofrtaole ,movement is lobtainable.y Such cyclesincludeechange from rapid traverse to feed,` .reversal :and fsbpprlg.' Each of the @operations mentioned involves deceleration of the ltablev and-it is :afeature-of-this invention tozprovide a .constructionifor bringing aboutfsuch operations-guickly'smoothly.andrwith a: minimum of stress inithe :pa-rte. Furthermore, a c onditioncreated-n .the mechanism-,as an incident to such deceleration ,-is en lnlgyeri t to adjust the mechanismbetter toeect such changeln rate, 4reversalpor ,stQDping.

General-ly speaking, means is. provide d=,toeem ploy'zthesfullrmechanicalitorquezof the motor :for

brakingfduringany-.deceleratiomofithestable;and preferaiblyalsdduring initialmovementfespecially follclvvingv reversal. J-In,a mechanism ofgthe kind disclosedlhaving-a closed )pump-motor. oircuit',. de!y celerationcfffthe ltable,wl1en1istopping, reversing or. :changing to Steed ratei sets :up a .highback pressure'fin lthe ,presenteinstance of the forder cf 1200upoundsiper;squareinch.- i'Ifliislback pressure in conjunction :Withgthe ipisto'n Ml issherein uti. lzeditosshift fthe 'Wobbler device :9.9 of tllermotorI toniaxiniuml-fstroke and fthusfobtain the "full ine-1 chanica'l advantageiof the motorfand iliencerdur'-v ngithe :periodici high pressurenthe :full motor torqueazv.

'T01that;endfthepistonrand. cylinderfdeviceilld, 145 is connected to the pump-motor-circuitlnfa mannerrandithrojugh :.meansisuch :that: itislno'rmallyfsubjectzto;makeeupior controliluidfpressure and -duringi decelerationitofiback rpres'sure. IAecording-lmaconduit 310 :.-is connected .at v onesen'cl to. the' lef-,tf end fcfithei cylinder. il d'5A andtat .itsoth'er endcommunicates: withithe. centralirigroove 311.1 nfa :valvel boret 3121? Tlreboite '5312 :hastadditional grooves r3113 :and 'M on` opposite sidestof the centralfigrooveiwhich V:are connectedrbyl conduits 3115 andal, respectively, with.conduitsiiSiand-.f326 ofit-h'eipump-'motorfcircuit lRecipro'cable in the bore S3122 fis La fcylindrical' valve 3ft- #having a freduced: :portion H318 zcentrallyll-thereof rofl a length bridging f-the-vcentral-groove fel-1l and fone -ofttlie endgrooves 313 ion-'314 to connect fcy1inder flftf' alternately to -tlieI e conduits 325 and1326. 'The 1, iwhchfis the .noestr'olie positionne trol-'of rthe @nain A'valve 12 lill-,1an extension -33l of eondulitl@Sllffcommunieating with the lowerlend ofboret'il 2"; :and an fextensonf33" of conduit 336 communicating with the upper fend of j bore 3"i2. Qylinderd 452 Willthus-always b'- connecteditothe return lside ofl the pump motor circuit.-

interposed in :tineconduity Sflf' A"is'a check-valve' 'I'lius the fluid 'flowing into theicylincler` H45 underl the high back 'pressure and shifting the piston I 'it` tothe' rightto v'change the; motortov maximum stroleis :temporarily trapped nby 'the check` valve until itleaksout through"theybieedgpassagef This temporary"trappinggisgparticulal'ly advantaseoustrai position, and menthe table-esel likewise, .is

in its rneutral v position. NUnder those k.crinclitioiis the-fmake-ruppumpflwillbesllpplyligmakenp uid tothe-,closed pump-motorfclrcuit; and toetlie' control `cil-cuit;v Inasmuclnv as. .the..,fcylinder .M5

isalways connected .to ,the returnside of the closedfpumnmotor cireutgthefpiston Hi134 therein willinow @be i-.sublected `toimalie-,up, l11CeS-.u1 e, land thUS'Wllbeshited-to the rightras shownin Fig.v 1, causing-the. control nluriserr ,158' Lto' .shiftitle pistons? l .Il I' and IMeto'ltheposition sli{ n,vv'11-in` Eig.

` nected through port the lever |59 tending to shift the piston the left. These movements, however. will be ref tion corresponding to the no-stroke position of the pump P is possible because their respective cylinders |42 and |46 are now connected to tank (conduits 335 and 334, groove 2|2, recess 204 and port 202, and conduit 338, groove 2|4, recess 205 and port 202). The understanding of the operation will be facilitated if it is borne in mind that, as previously stated, the cylinder |45 is always subject to the pressure in the return side of the closed pump-motor circuit and that the piston |44 opposes the action of the pistons |4| and |41 which have a somewhat larger pressure area and which are subjected either to no pressure or to control fluid pressure, which is the same as the make-up pressure.

If it is assumed that the operator ofthe machine tool shifts the valve 200 from its neutral to its rapid right position for example, the following operations will take place: Control fluid will be supplied to the cylinder |42, to the top of the valve bore 29|, and to the bottom of the valve bore 312, since the groove 2|2 is now connected through the recess 203 to port 201 of the valve 200. As a result, the valve 311 will be shifted to its upper ,position so as to connect the cylinder |45 to the return side of the -pumpfmotor circuit.V However, shift of valve 311 in this instance haspno effect on piston |44 since the piston is subjected to the same pressure as before, namely makeup pressure which is pressure on both sides of the pump-motor circuit when the valve 200 is in neutral position. Likewise, thevalve 230 will be shifted downwardly, but this also will have no eiect under the present circumstances except to connect the right hand ends of the ,cylinders |65 and |66 to tank through different passages, that is, |65 will be connected through port |19, conduit 333, groove 298, recess 292 groove 290, conduit 330, branch 33|, groove 2|6 (see Fig. 4), and port 202 to tank, while i|66 will be con- |80, conduit 340, groove 303, recess 203, groove 30|, branch 342 and return 34| to tank. The control iluid supply to the cylinder |42, however, since it is acting on a larger pressure area than that provided by the piston |44, will tend to move piston |42 to the right carrying with it the control plunger |58 and thlroigh 4 to tarded because of the check valve 313, and may take place only at the rate'at which the fluid from the cylinder |45 can escape through the bleed passage around-the check valve formed by the groove 382. As a result, movement of the table is` initiated with' the motor at maximum stroke, and thus the full torque of the motor is obtainable to accelerate the table from Zero to its rapid traverse rate. As the uid leaks out through the bleed passage 382, the piston |44 will shift to the Vleft and the piston |4| will shift to the right, causing the motor and the pump to assume minimum and maximum strokes, respec tively, so as to drive the table at rapid traverse rate. Chambers and passages 48, `43, 53 now are part of the high pressure side of the circuit and 49, 54, 51, 55 and 56 part of the low pressure side.

If now the feed right dog FR strikes the plunger 230 to shift the valve 200 to its feed right position, the mechanism will operate automatically to again shift the motor to maximum stroke in order that the full mechanical advantage of the motor may be utilized in smoothly and rapidly reducing the speed of the table tothe desired feed rate.` With the valve 200 in its feed P. Such shift of the'pistons |4| and |41'to a posi-A right position y(lifig. "3);.the groove 2I6 isconnected to receive "control fluid from port 201 through recess 2li) and thus control fluid will be supplied through the conduits 35| and 330, groove 23S, recess 202, groove 238, and conduit 339 to the right end of the cylinder |55. The piston |61 will thereupon come to the aid of the piston |44 and shift the control plunger |58 to the left, which in turn will shift the piston |41 to the left to reduce the displacement of the pump P and increase the displacement of the motor M. With such reduction in displacement of the pump P and the tendency of the table to continue its movement at a rapid rate, the table 360 will drive the motor M as a pump and, as a consequence, a high back pressure will be built up in the return side of the pump-motor circuit, that is, in 51, 55 and 56 the only line of escape being past valve 3| which is adjusted to maintain high pressures. This back pressure will be transmitted through the check valve to the cylinder |45 and, because of its high value, will shift the piston |44 to the right to the limit of its movement, thereby tilting the wobbler 39 of the motor to maximum stroke position and, through the connected mechanism previously described, tilting the wobbler 29 of the pump to no-stroke position. The resistance of the valve 6| to the in the opposite direction.

discharge of huid, except at high pressure, coupled with the full mechanical advantage of the motor acting as a pump is thus available for decelerating the table. Aiding in this deceleration is the shift in the gearing 80, fluid now being supplied through conduits 33| and 330 to the left end of cylinder 06. As the speed of the table is reduced, the back pressure created. is, likewise, reduced until the pressure in the return side of the pump-motor circuit is make-up pressure, at which time the piston |4|, which is still supplied with iiuid from port 201 through recess 200, groove 2|2, and'conduits 334 and 335, overcomes the piston |44 and shifts the control plunger |53 to the right until it strikes the piston |61. The pump and the motor will then operate at such partial strokes as determined by adjustment of the screw |63.

nt such time as a reversing dog E or E actuates one of the reversing plunger valves 215 or 213, whether the table is moving at feed rate or at rapid' traverse rate, the motor will again be shifted to maximum stroke so that the full mechanical advantage of the motor is available for first braking the table to bring the same to a rapid stop, and then for accelerating the table in the opposite direction. It is particularly in connection with such reversal that this invention is most iniportant, in that it accomplishes a very rapid reversal which nevertheless is smooth and without shock, and without the excessive strain on certain partswhich would take place were the reversal to be made with the motor at minimum stroke. With depression of the reversing plunger valve 21", for example, the main valve 20! will be shifted through neutral to rapid traverse rate This takes place as follows: Depression -of the plunger valve 215 `to the positionshown in Fig. 6 iirst acts to close the groove 286 and thereby cut it off from the fiuid supply in conduit 32|.A The fluid supply is thus cut ofi from the left hand end of cylinder' 255 but, since the groove 280 is closed by valve 215, the fluid in the left "hand end of cylinder 255 must exhaust through valve port 26|, recess 253, longitudinalrecess 263,*groove 265, conduit 354, groove 285, recess 283 of valve 215 which now is in 'registry-with groove-235,r Iongitudinahport 280, chamber 28 I conduit 350, lchainber .35|1an'd1conduit 352 to tank. Since thevvalve 2.f1s51isfgen: era'llyfoperated by the @end dog-'E .whenfthe table 360 Iis v.moving at ifa `slow orffeedlrate.I 'of speed, the valve 2.1'5'move`sfdownwardly. rather :.slowly. .-In order :to insure la @shift fof valve 200 through its neutralfand left ffeed `.positions and .all y.the way to lits rapid ltraverseilleft position, @means is provided fforslowing. down 4orzzretardingthe movement1of.thei.piston.:254 until zthe .recess V283 in val-ve 2-15 has overlapped considerably the vgroove 285,1and thenrshiftingthe piston .254 `(and thereby fthe '.valve `2 0.0)"` quickly `and-fully Ato :its Arapid traverse left .'position.v This means vhereincOmprises. fthe 'I restricted .recess ..263 :which lserves Ato restrict the exhaust ofdluid from .the lleft end of cylinder :255'1as .it.ows .through por-'t 26 I lrecess 259,.groove 265, recess 253,and conduit`f354. By the time .the piston'y 254 vvlhas `moved .suciently tto the `:left to connect recess .i 25g-.directly .to groove 265, the valve 215 hasf'movedldownwardly-to open Wide the groove 285 -to-the=va1verecess.283, whereupon furth'er exhaust of l-the i fluid lfrom the .left end of 1 cylinder.l 255 is .unrestrictediand -the .piston 254iurged by thefluid underfpressureintheright end/of `.cylinder :255 shifts .with afquick lor :snap

action to its extreme left position, .thereby movl ing 'valve -200 -to its'zrapidfltraverse left position .VR lileft (see Fig. 5) table to the left, .the dog vrides off of the plunger valve .2- permitting the -same to return to A.normal extended position, thereby again causing @the .piston '254 `to be restored-to hydraulic balance.

This shift of the`piston-254is, as justdescribed at.;rst. gradual Vand .then rapid. While the-valve 200'is Lbeing shifted fromone lto .the otherside of neutral position, and before l.the fluid controlled thereby-has had Van `opportunity to reverse the operation of thepump, the motor Willfof course, be driven fby the table. A zhigh back pressure Will, therefore, -be Abuilt vup in the return` side of thelpump-motor circuit as above-pointedout-and will, through the conduit 315, groove @313,- recess 318, groove 31|, the check valve, and thecondut 310, Vbe transmitted'to the end of "the-cylinder |45. This `high pressure-acting'on the piston I'Mlwill shift thesaine to the right, thereby lreturning themotorfto maximum stroke and the pump to fits minimum Astroke position. Thus again the resistanceof valves 60 or 6|, coupled with the'full mechanical advantage of the motor, will bring about rapid deceleration 'of thetable. With the valve 200 'now in rapid left position, control fluid willbe'supplied to the cylinder |46 throughfrecess` 209, groove'2l4 and'conduit 336. Control Ifluid will, likewise, be supplied tothe bottom end of the valve bore 29| and to thetop end of the valve'bore 312, causing the valve cores to be 'shifted 'to 'the positions 'shown in Fig. 1. Shift ofthe valve'core `290 'has no'inuence save to connect the cylinders V|65 vand |6601E the feed rate determining 'means to tank vthrou'ghci'rcuits reversedfrom Whatthey werewith the "valve in rapid rightpo'sition. Shift of -ther valve VSTL-however,'connects the cylinder |45 to the other side of `the pump-motor circuit which-now has become the return side.

Thoughthe valve 2'00 is promptly shifted toits rapid leftposition, Vthe wobblers .of the pump and motor. are not immediatelyshiftedto the positions assumed duringnormal rapidi'traverse rate of operation. VThe .'uid supplied Vvto the end "of cylinder "|46" tends "to vurge 'pistoni |'41fto the right Withlfmovement of lthe f .toshift die control sie-ment '.1 es, and .piston imm a direction to increasespump aliisplacementsimd stroke .to be utilizedv in :the :initial acoeleration,

of the V.table inits .reversed :direction-hof movement. Asrthe fluid eleaks :around :theicheckvalve through -the bleed .passage provided for thatipurifpose, the :pressure onlthe :cylinderd 4:1y vgradually shifts thev control :element |58 :to the'4 light vand restoresthe transmission .to operat'eiatzrapiditraverse rate, Athat 1is, withf.the `pump :havingmaxifmum displacementv` and uthe motori minimum-fdisplacement.v It. might be mentioned inpassing thatwitheachrshiftrof theuvalvelz toffeedzposi: tion ithe planetary fgearingfis .shifted :to icauselthe same ato-operate to reducetherspeed oftthefshait 34 with respectltoathe motorshaft'35,Lwhilegf-When the valve 200=is shiftedLtoeitheritraverseposition the planetarygearing is shifted to'operatel-asiia unit, causing `shaft 1.84 to :rotate atLthe same. speed as `theshaft 35 ofi-the motor.. .i'IihisisV accomplished las follows: When the valve 2.00'1is=in feed right position (Fig-3) ffluid-isf-suppliedlto the "left end of .cylinder 96 from pressure.portl201.fthrough recess 2 i0, Vgroove 2 |5,1conduits33| land 33|),".and is exhausted from the fright-endzofylin'der96 through -conduit 32.9,groove 21215 fand frecess 205 vto the exhaust port 2202'. iWhen the'f-valve 200115 in 1 its rapid right position, fshown .in iFig.. :14; fluid underfpressure-Would be supplied-.tolthe right-end' of the cylinder `93 andexhausted from Lt'he'. left end 'to .shift 'the -pistonfis' .and Aiits :associated mechanism yto lthe .left ifor `unitary {operation .inf the :shafts 35 and rfl. .The uidconnection's would now be from fthe pressure '.port..201,f.recess 2m, groove ..2I5 and-conduitzll @with the return fluid fromtheleft end of through conduits 330 Y'and 33|., groove 21.6, and recess 205 Ato .the .exhaust .port 202. ...In theirapid left position -.(Fig. .5) .of fthe .valvef.200, ui'd=,under pressure ywill v.still `be supplied :..to .thev .rightrlhand end of cylinder .through vconduit 32.9.- .It.';wil1, however, .now :be .connected to ithe pressure port 201 through the vrecess 209 instead of-:.thel'recess 2 i @,and groove `2 |.6 .towhichponduit-.33I is ,cone nected will now.` register `.with Arecess 205 Awhichgis in communication -withexhaustiportl :In the feed left position vrof the .valve -.2i0,.pressure;fluid will againloe.v supplied vto ithe cleft. end ofthe cylinder .S6 .from pressure' port :201 throughrecess 2| 0 and Sconduit33 i l.thersameas .intheifeediright position fand will be exhausted from. the :right end of cylinder 93 through conduit 3291, groove 2 I'5and recess 205 inregistry therewithanticommunicating with the exhaust port 202.

With the yvalve y2li!) lshifted to neutralfpositi'on to bring-the table toa stop, Ysubstantially"they same operation takes place asin `connection with a shift from rapid'traverse-to feed. A'Suiflcelitto say, therefore, that the 'tablejdrivingthe motor M during deceleration causesalhighbackipressure` to bebuilt up Whi ch,'aspreviously'described, shifts the piston |04 "to the right to condition the motorifor maximum-stroke fandthepumpfor minimumstroke.` As -the table comesftdlres'tthe high back pressure rreduces and-@eventually reaches normalpressure. which isimake`^upf-pres-l the .pistonfdi'scharging f sure. YBecause the valve 20u is now'in neutral position, no uid is supplied to either the cylinder |42 VVor 14B, thus enabling even the make-up or control pressure acting on the piston |44 to retain the same in its extremely right position, conditioning the transmission for initial operation at full motor stroke when the valve 29E) is again shifted to other than neutral position.

vThere has been described the operation for a simple cycle including rapid traverse, feed, reverse,v rapid return and stop. rIlhis cycle has been described as starting to the right and hence involved the feed right dog FR and the reversing dogxE. The samecycle to the left would involve thefeed left dog FL and the reversing dog E' functioning in the same manner as'the dogs FR. and E, except, of course, that the dog E would act on the plunger valve 216 and thus would causea shift of the valve 254 in a direction opposite from that caused by depression of the plunger valve 215. Should it be desired, a cycle might be obtained containing a second traverse operation followed by another feed operation. For obtainingv the second traverse operation the dogs RR and RL are provided. They function simply to engage the roller 230 and shift valve 26H to its rapid right or rapid left position, respectively, from a feed right or feed leftposition. For obtaining thesecond feed operation, the dogs FR' and FLV are provided. They function simply to engage the roller 239 and shift the valve to its feed right or feed left position, respectively, from the rapid right and rapid left positions.

I claim as my invention:

1. A machine /tool having, in combination, a base, a supportmovably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support coinprising a motor, means for varying the mechanical advantage of said motor, means for decelerating said support, and means operable during such deceleration and in response to forces set up by the inertia of said support 4to increase the mechanical advantage oi the motor.

2. A machine tool having, Yin combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support cornprising a variable mechanical advantage motor, means for decelerating said support, and means operable during such deceleration and in response to forces set up by the inertia of said support to increase the mechanical advantage of the motor.

3. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston type motor, a pump supplying operating fluid to said motor, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, means controlling the supply of fluid to said motor to eiect deceleration of said support, such deceleration creating a back pressure in the closed circuit, and means responsive to such back pressure increasing the stroke of said-motor pistons.

4. A machine tool having, in combination, a

base, a support movably mounted` on said base, .z

and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston type motor, a pump supplying operating fluid to said motor, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, means controlling the supply of fluid to said motor to eiiect deceleration of said support, such deceleration creating a back pressure in the closed circuit, and a piston and cylinder device exercising control over the stroke of said motor; connected to the return side of said closed hydraulic' circuit and operable in response to such back pressure to increase the stroke of said motor pistons.

y5. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston type motor, a pump supplying operating fluid to said motor, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, means controlling the supply of fluid to said motor to eiect deceleration oi said support, such deceleration creating a back pressure in the closed circuit, a piston and cylinder device exercising control over the stroke of said motor connectedV to the return side of said closed hydraulic circuit and operable in response to such back pressure to increase the stroke of said motor pistons, acheck valve in the connection between said piston and cylinder device and said closed circuit permitting free iiow into the device but preventing ow out of the device, and a bleed passage around the check valve.

6. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston type motor, a variable stroke piston 'type main pump, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, an auxiliary pump supplying control fluid and make-up uid to said closed circuit, a first piston and cylinder device governing displacement of said main pump, a second piston and cylinder device governing displacement of said motor, means interconnecting said devices to place the pump at no stroke when said motor is at maximum stroke, and a control iiuid circuit including a valve means, said iirst piston and cylinder device being connected to said control fluid circuit to be governed by Said Valve and said second piston and cylinder device being connected to the return side of said closed circuit to be actuated by the iluid therein to increase motor displacement, the piston of said second device having a smaller pressure area than the piston of said rst device.

7. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston type motor, a variable stroke piston type main pump, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, an auxiliary pump supplying control fluid and make-11p fluid to said closed circuit, a first piston and cylinder device governing displacement of said main pump, a second piston and cylinder device governing displacement of said motor, means interconnecting said devices to place the pump at no stroke when said motor is at maximum stroke, a control fluid circuit including a valve means, said first piston and cylinder device being connected to said control fluid circuit to be governed by said valve and said second piston. and cylinder device being connected to the return side of said closed circuit to be actuated by the fluid therein to increase motor displacement, the piston of said second device having a smaller pressure area than the piston of said first device, a check valve in the connection between said piston and cylinder device and said closed circuit permitting free How-into the device but preventing iiow out of the device, and a bleed passage around the check valve.

8. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support reciprocably mounted on said base, and mechanism for reciprocating said support comprising -a motor having a variable mechanical Yadvantage, means for reversing the -direction -of :support movement, and means operable duri-ng such reversal and as Aan incident to forces -set up -by -the inertia Vof said, support to sponsive to suchback pressure increasing theV st roke of said motor pistons.

10.A machine-tool having, in combination, a base, a support reciprocably mounted on said base, and mechanismforhreciprocating said-'support comprising a variable Astrokepiston type m'oton a'puzn'p supplying operating duid to said motor, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting .said pumpV and motor, Tmeans ope'rableto vreversetli'e direction 'off support movement, the deceleration ofthe 'support lprior lto reversal creating a, back pressure in saidclsed 'circuit`nieansresponsve to such back pressure increasing the stroke of said motor, and 'means foperable after rsuch increase of 'the -stroke byback'pressure to retard eiamdf'ssia'iiitiorfo short stroke.

111. A inachineto'ol having, in combination, a base, al support eCIillc'bly IDQOHn'Jd r6X1 r`Said base, fand mechanism for reciprocating 'sai'd support comprising 4'a "Variable St1j0ke 3jStl 'type nbt, a'pu'inpsupnlyng operating lto ysaid motor, a closed hydraulicfcircuit connecting said pumpand motor, means operable to reverse :the direction of fluid o'wto Ysaid motor, `a jpi'stn'anfd yllhr device governing 'th e 'length f vstroke ",f sai'd motor pistons, al'connection 'between isaid closed :circuit and` such end of "said device that the Qfluid tends to increase ith'e hinterlstroke 'in'- cliidin'g 'a' valve operable alternatively tto connect 'saiidvice'tofonejwside or'theotlier ofjsaid osed circuit, a cheok'valve nerniitting'free f low'to evice but/preventing'ilowiromgsaid'device and a 'sited-easing@ amine aidtheck valve, land aterr- -trol"circuit'includng'a valvegve' ingithe nearis for eversingflowfto 'said 'motorand "said first 'n'en ioned valve t `friiaintain said device con'- "ectedito 'the return 'side of said 'closed "civ-ei1it.` 12. -A 'machine fooi having, Ein combination "a b'a'sefa "support reciprocably "mounted on said base, and mechanism for reciprocatingsaidisupport' coniprising'a variabe stroke piston ytype inotor, a reversible iiow variable 'displacement pump suiilyirigoperating 'fluid 'to Nsaid motor, a closed hydraulic circuit connecting said pump and motor, a piston and cylinder means operable to reverse the ow from said pump and render `said pump operative to displace i'luid, a piston and cylinder device governing the length of stroke of said motor pistons, a connection between said means and said device operable to decrease the stroke of said motor pistons as said pump displacement is increased and vice versa, a connection between said closed circuit and'such end of said device that the uid tends to increase the motor stroke including a valve o-perable alternatively to connect said device to one side orthe other of said closed circuit, a check valve permitting free ow to said device but preventing flow from said device and a bleed passage around said Ithe uid tends Vto increase .control circuit includingsaid Episton and valve t9 maintain Said Piston andQyliaderssieffn:1 nected to the return side of said closed circuit as' reversed,

base, :fa 'Slipri ,feiprosblnmosnid "de .Seid base, and mechanism:f or reciprocating said-support comprisinga variable stroke'pistonityic inotor, fa reversible Vflow variable displacement punp supplying operating iiuid vvtosaid` motor, a closed hydraulic circuit 'connecting said pump andmotor, a piston` and cylinder means operable under pres.. sure of iiuid suppliedv thereto to reverse the iiow, from Asaid -pump and' render said pump" operative, a piston and'cylinder deviceoperableunder pres-k sure of luid `supplied thereto to ,inc"r `ease the stroke ofsaid lmotorLpistons, a connectien between said means and -said Vdevice cansirigftiie same Yto oppose one another, the piston of said device having'- al Smaller press-ure area'thamapi'ston of said means, a COlIIiCCtOn between, said closed Acircuit 'and such lend vofsaid"`;1 =;vi`c'e 'that v'the moitier strek' including a Valve operable altrnativelytoc niiect said device to-one side or the'otherofsa losed circuit, a check valve'pernitting free ll'vv` osaid devicefbut preventing Allow Yfrom said deviceerid a bleed Vpassage around "saidch'eckvalve andfa v Hillier means, said 'rst vnientioned valve r a pump sup. plying control 'fluid to said control circuit and make-np nuidtqsaia, closed*pump-metaframe, arid a'main control valve'g'overning the of' control nuid 'te 'said 'piston and" 'cylinder' fine is l'idto S21-id :firstllldllticulledv vali/7,6 toiantviil Said piston andfcylinder device connected 'Zto the -r`eturn side of` said cioseuircuits the new from variiiigtheimec'hanicm advantage'of sais kand means operable to conditionsaid mec n l m for initial operation at fu1imeciiai1icaiadvtage ofsaidmotor lregardless ofQthefmech'a ical advantage at vwhich the means 'for varying the mechanical"advantagisset.

l5. A machine tool, having, base, a support movably m Vunted onsjaid base, v d

and mechanism 'for driving 'said support at g e chanicaI advantage of the motor, and means operable upon initiation of driving operation of the mechanism to urge said first mentioned means to reduce the mechanical advantage of the motor. i

16. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston motor of the wobbler type, a variable strokel piston pump of the wobbler type, a first piston and cylinder device associated with the wobbler of said motor and operable with theapplication of pressure uid thereto to tilt "the wobbler to maximum stroke position, a second piston and cylinder device associated withthe wobbier of said pump and operable upon the application of pressure th'e discharge of iiuid from said rst device, and

a valve governing the supply of pressure fluid to said second piston and cylinder device having a yneutral position wherein the supply is cut oif and the piston and cylinder device connected to tank and an operative position wherein fluid is supplied to said device, said second device under like iuid pressure overcoming said rst device.

17. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a support movably mounted onsaid base, and mechanism for driving said support comprising a variable stroke piston motor of the wobbler type, a variable stroke piston pump of the Wobbler type, said pump and motor being connected in a closed hydraulic circuit, a iirst piston and cylinder device associated with the wobbler of said motor and operable when supplied with uid under pressure to urge the wobbler to maximum stroke position, a second piston and cylinder device operatively associated with the wobbler of said pump and operable when supplied with fluid under pressure to urge the wobbler to maximum pump displacement position, means operatively interposed between said devices causing the pistons thereof to oppose one another, the piston of said second device being slightly larger than that of said first device, means connecting said rst device to the return side of said pumpmotor circuit including a check valve operable to permit flow into the device but to prevent flow therefrom, a bleed passage around said` check valve, an auxiliary pump supplying make-up fluid to said closed pump-motor circuit, and control fluid to said second device, and a valve governing the supply'of fluid to said second device having a neutral position in which said'second device is connected to tank to permit said first device to position said motor and pump wobblers inmaximum and minimumstroke positions respectively,

and having an operative position wherein iluid is supplied to said second piston and cylinder device to initiate operation of the driving mechanism at maximum stroke of the motor.

18. A machine tool having, in combination, a

base, a support movably mounted on said base, and mechanism for driving said support comfluid thereto to tilt the wobbler to obtain maxifluid under pressure to urge the wobbler to maximum stroke position, a second and a third piston and cylinder device operatively associated with the wobbler of said pump with said second device operable to shift the Wobbler to forward operation of the pump and said third device operable to shift the wobbler to reverse operation of the pump, means operatively interposed between said first device and said second and third devices to oppose the movements thereof, the piston of each said second and third device providing a larger pressure area than the piston of said iirstdevice, means connecting said rst device to the closed pump-motor circuit including a hydraulically shifted valve alternately connecting said rst device to one or the other side of said closed circuit, and a check -valve permitting flow to said device bui'l preventing ow therefrom, a bleed passage around said checkvalve, an auxiliary pump for supplying make-up uid to said closed circuit and control fluid to said second and third devices, a valve governing the supply of control fluid to said second and third devices and to said hydraulically shifted valve having a neutral position in which no uid is supplied to either said Y-second or said third device, a position on one side of neutral for supplying fluid to said second device to eiect forward operation of the pump and to said hydraulically shifted valve to position the same for connecting said rst device to the then return side of said closed circuit, and a second position on the opposite side of neutral for supplying fluid to said third device to effect reverse operation of said pump and to the opposite end of said hydraulically actuated valve to cause the same to connect said first device to the prising a variable stroke piston motor of the wobl bler type, a variable stroke piston pump of the wobbler type, said pump and motor being connected in a closed hydraulic circuit, a rst piston Vand cylinderdevice associated with the Wobbler of said motor and operable when supplied with other side of said closed circuit.

19. A machine tool having, in combination, a base, a supportmovably mounted on saidr base, and mechanism for driving said support at feed or traverse rates comprising a motor of the wobbler type, the motor wobbler being variously positionable to adjust the displacement of said motor for driving said support at feed or traverse rates, means normally positioning-the motor wobbler to obtain full displacement, means limiting the position ofthe motor wobbler-when adjusted for traverse operation, means limiting the position of the motor wobbler when adjusted for feed operation, said limiting means being selectively effective, means retarding adjustment of the mo.- tor wobbler to effect reduction in the displacement of the motor, and means operable upon initiation of the driving operation of the mechanism to urge said first mentioned means to position the motor wobbler in contact with the selected one of said limiting means.

GUNNAR A. WAHIMARK'. 

